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NDT Radiographic Testing Level 2 (RT-II) General Examination latest Questions and Answers

1.

Increasing the kV setting on an X-ray machine increases the:

 
 
 
 

2.

During the manufacturing of casting, the purpose of a riser is:

 
 
 
 

3.

An effective method of recognizing a film artifact is:

 
 
 
 

4.

The main reason for using a casting is that:

 
 
 
 

5.

A change in which of the following parameters would require a new X-ray exposure chart?

 
 
 
 

6.

Static marks on radiographic film are caused by:

 
 
 
 

7.

Of the following radiographic sources, which emits the most penetrating radiation?

 
 
 
 

8.

Which of the following techniques would probably reduce the amount of backscattered radiation reaching the film during a radiographic exposure?

 
 
 
 

9.

Radiographic contrast is dependent on:

 
 
 
 

10.

A plot of film density versus the log of relative exposure is called:

 
 
 
 

11.

The most common material used for targets in X-ray tubes is:

 
 
 
 

12.

A dark crescent-shaped spot, clearly in the base metal adjacent to a weld would probably be:

 
 
 
 

13.

Which of the following are potential sources of scattered radiation?

 
 
 
 

14.

If the required exposure time for a 2220 GBq (60 curies) Ir-192 source is 2 minutes,
what exposure time would be required at 1110 GBq (30 curies) source:

 
 
 
 

15.

An advantage of a larger grain film is:

 
 
 
 

16.

How does radiation intensity change with increasing distance from the source?

 
 
 
 

17.

A weld discontinuity which consists of unmelted joint surfaces at the root, and which may be caused by poor fit-up, is called:

 
 
 
 

18.

Mottling due to X-ray diffraction can be identified by:

 
 
 
 

19.

Which of the following welding discontinuities would be considered the most serious?

 
 
 
 

20.

A depression at the edge of a weld where the base metal has been melted during welding is called:

 
 
 
 

21.

Which of the following would not be considered a film artifact?

 
 
 
 

22.

Gamma-ray or high voltage X-ray radiography, using film without lead screens, is likely to result in:

 
 
 
 

23.

Which of the following would be detrimental to radiographic image sharpness?

 
 
 
 

24.

A change in which the following parameters would require a new X ray exposure chart?

 
 
 
 

25.

If the required exposure time for an 1850 GBq (50 curies) Ir-192 source is 4 minutes,
what exposure time would be required for 925 GBq (25 curies) source:

 
 
 
 

26.

A radiograph is made using film X with an exposure of 10 mA-min. The film density obtained in the area of interest is 1.0. If it is desired to achieve a density of 2.0 in the area of interest, what exposure is required?(Log relative exposure = 1.1 for a density of 1.0 and 1.62 for a density of 2.0)

 
 
 
 

27.

The least offensive of the following welding discontinuities would probably be:

 
 
 
 

28.

A quantity calculated by the formula, 0.693/(decay constant), is called:

 
 
 
 

29.

The density difference displayed from one area of a film radiograph to another is called:

 
 
 
 

30.

The half-life of Co-60 is approximate:

 
 
 
 

31.

Increasing the mA setting on an X-ray machine:

 
 
 
 

32.

Which of the following would be considered a film artifact?

 
 
 
 

33.

Which of the following would be detrimental to radiographic image sharpness?

 
 
 
 

34.

The half-life of Ir-192 is approximate:

 
 
 
 

35.

A dark crescent-shaped mark in the center of a weld bead radiographic image would probably be:

 
 
 
 

36.

A photon-nuclear interaction in which energy is converted into sub-atomic particles is called:

 
 
 
 

37.

An interaction in which radiation is produced by the rapid deceleration of an electron is called:

 
 
 
 

38.

The gamma factor of Tm-170 is:

 
 
 
 

39.

An exposed radiographic film that transmits 1% of the light incident on it has what density:

 
 
 
 

40.

If the radiation intensity is 5 Gy/h (500 R/h) at a distance of 152.4 cm (5 feet) from a source, what is the intensity at 1524 cm (50 feet)?

 
 
 
 

41.

The average energy of a Cs-137 source is approximately:

 
 
 
 

42.

Which of the following is an advantage of X-ray over gamma-ray sources for radiography?

 
 
 
 

43.

The basic purpose of a penetrameter is to:

 
 
 
 

44.

When casting is being non-destructively examined for critical service, and the possibility of cracks exists, which of the following techniques would be best?

 
 
 
 

45.

Which of the following is an advantage of X-ray over gamma-ray sources for radiography?

 
 
 
 

46.

The average energy of a T3-170 source is approximate:

 
 
 
 

47.

The gamma factor of Co-60 is:

 
 
 
 

48.

The intensifying effect of lead screens is mainly caused by:

 
 
 
 

49.

Which of the following expressions correctly determines radiographic density?

 
 
 
 

50.

A most significant difference in two X-ray beams produced at different mA settings is:

 
 
 
 

51.

The most significant difference in two X ray beams produced at different kV settings is:

 
 
 
 

52.

Which of the following would be considered a film artifact?

 
 
 
 

53.

Natural discontinuities comparable in size to the penetrameter holes shown on a radiograph may not be detected because:

 
 
 
 

54.

If the radiation intensity is 1 Gy/h (100 R/h) at a distance of 152.4 cm (5 feet) from a source, what is the intensity at 610 cm (20 feet)?

 
 
 
 

55.

Fluorescent screens are seldom used in industrial radiography because:

 
 
 
 

56.

Calculate geometric unsharpness for the following conditions: Source size = 2 mm × 2 mm; SFD = 700 mm; test piece thickness = 25 mm

 
 
 
 

57.

The gamma factor of Ir-192 is:

 
 
 
 

58.

A test piece with large differences in thickness would have:

 
 
 
 

59.

A quantity expressed by the formula, 0.693/(absorption co-efficient) is called:

 
 
 
 

60.

Which of the following techniques would probably reduce the amount of scattered radiation reaching the film during a radiographic exposure?

 
 
 
 

61.

A radiographic indication in a weld, characterized by two parallel dark lines in the film image, would probably be caused by:

 
 
 
 

62.

To produce the sharpest image, which of the following should be true?

 
 
 
 

63.

‘Undercut’ or ‘burned out’ edges of the test piece film image are caused by:

 
 
 
 

64.

Which of the following is an advantage of gamma-ray over X ray sources for radiography?

 
 
 
 

65.

The intensifying effects of fluorescent screens are caused by:

 
 
 
 

66.

If the required X ray exposure time for a 225 kV, 5 mA exposure is 3 minutes, approximately what exposure time would be required at 10 mA?

 
 
 
 

67.

The half-life of Cs-137 is approximate:

 
 
 
 

68.

Unacceptable radiographic film quality would be indicated by:

 
 
 
 

69.

Which of the following welding discontinuities would be most difficult to image radiographically:

 
 
 
 

70.

The most important factor in limiting radiation exposure is:

 
 
 
 

71.

The threshold energy below which pair production cannot occur is approximately:

 
 
 
 

72.

A photon-electron interaction in which a photon gives up all its energy to an electron is called:

 
 
 
 

73.

An acceptable quality radiograph should include:

 
 
 
 

74.

For gamma-ray sources, radiographic intensity is proportional to source activity in gigabecquerels or curies for:

 
 
 
 

75.

Poor contact between lead screens and film is likely to cause:

 
 
 
 

76.

Which of the following conditions might cause mottling of a radiographic film?

 
 
 
 

77.

A photon-electron interaction in which a photon gives up a portion of its energy to an electron is called:

 
 
 
 

78.

If the radiation intensity is 5.9 Gy/h (590 R/h) at a distance of 30.5 cm (1 foot) from a source, how far is it to the point where the radiation intensity is 0.02 Gy/h (2 R/h)?

 
 
 
 

79.

It is important to initiate the welding arc within the weld groove because:

 
 
 
 

80.

If the radiation intensity is 5 Gy/h (500 R/h) at a distance of 152.4 cm (5 feet) from a source, how far is it to the point where the radiation intensity is 0.05 Gy/h (5 R/h)?

 
 
 
 

81.

Which of the following techniques would probably reduce the amount of scattered radiation reaching the film during a radiographic exposure?

 
 
 
 

82.

The lights in a high-intensity viewer are typical:

 
 
 
 

83.

The gamma factor of Cs-137 is:

 
 
 
 

84.

If the required X-ray exposure time for a 150 kV, 5 mA exposure is 2 minutes, approximately what exposure time would be required at 10 mA?

 
 
 
 

85.

A thin, jagged, dark line inside the weld image on a radiographic film is probably:

 
 
 
 

86.

A straight, dark line in the center of a weld bead image on film would be suspected of being:

 
 
 
 

87.

‘Undercut’ or ‘burned out’ edges of the test piece in film image can usually be reduced by:

 
 
 
 

88.

Which of the following would be detrimental to radiographic image sharpness?

 
 
 
 

89.

Radiographic Testing Level 2 (RT-2) Specific Examination

Contrast and definition are the two major factors that determine the _____________ of the radiograph:

 
 
 
 

90.

Scatter radiation:

 
 
 
 

91.

Which of the following factors will affect the definition of the radiographic image?

 
 
 
 

92.

Slow films:

 
 
 
 

93.

Contrast is defined as the comparison between _______________ on different areas of the radiograph:

 
 
 
 

94.

Definition is defined as the measure of the _______________ of the outline of the image in the radiograph.

 
 
 
 

95.

As radiation (X ray or gamma-ray) energy is lowered:

 
 
 
 

96.

Dark crescent-shaped indications on a radiographic film are most likely caused by:

 
 
 
 

97.

Lead screens is primarily used to:

 
 
 
 

98.

Static marks are most often caused by:

 
 
 
 

99.

When radiographic energy is decreased:

 
 
 
 

100.

The major cause for poor definition is:

 
 
 
 

101.

In order to increase latitude so that thick and thin portions may be radiographed at reasonable viewing densities simultaneously:

 
 
 
 

102.

A dark circle type indication appearing on a radiograph that is the result of the failure of a core support to completely melt is called:

 
 
 
 

103.

Dark rounded indications with rather smooth edges appear on the radiograph of casting made in sand mold. These indications would be interpreted as:

 
 
 
 

104.

A dark, sharply defined, straight line in the center of the weld, and running parallel with the length of the weld should be interpreted as:

 
 
 
 

105.

A dark, jagged, linear indication appears on a radiograph of a casting. The area is a transition area between a thick and a thin section. This indication should be interpreted as:

 
 
 
 

106.

In a radiograph of a weld, there is an indication appearing at the end of the weld bead. It appears as a dark rounded indication with fine small tails coming from around the rounded indication giving it somewhat of a star-shaped appearance. This would probably be:

 
 
 
 

107.

The density of the radiograph through the weld area is 3.2 while the density in the base metal is 2.9. This would probably indicate:

 
 
 
 

108.

When radiographing a part that contains a crack, it will appear on the radiograph as:

 
 
 
 

109.

If it were necessary to radiograph 18 cm (7 in.) thick steel product, which of the following gamma-ray sources would most be used?

 
 
 
 

110.

Almost all gamma radiography is performed with:

 
 
 
 

111.

The half value layer of lead for Co-60 is approximately 13 mm (0.5 in). If the radiation level on the source side of a 38 mm (1.5 in) lead plate is 0.64 Gy/h (64 R/h):, the radiation level on the opposite side is:

 
 
 
 

112.

The degree of concentration of the radioactive material in gamma-ray sources is referred to as the:

 
 
 
 

113.

If 37 GBq (1 Ci), of Ir-92, produces a dose rate of 0.59 Gy/h (59000 mR/h) at 30.5 cm (1 foot), how many doses in Gy/h (R/h) will 370 GBq (10 Ci) produce at the same distance?

 
 
 
 

114.

Co-59 becomes Co-60 when it is placed in a nuclear reactor where it captures:

 
 
 
 

115.

Approximately how long would it take for a 370 GBq (10 Ci) Co-60 source to decay to 92.5 GBq (2.5 Ci)?

 
 
 
 

116.

The specific activity of radioactive isotope is expressed in:

 
 
 
 

117.

The general method of producing X rays involves the sudden deceleration of high velocity electrons in a solid body called a:

 
 
 
 

118.

The velocity of electrons striking the target in an X ray tube is a function of:

 
 
 
 

119.

The primary form of energy conversion when an X-ray tube is energized results in the production of:

 
 
 
 

120.

The radiation from 37 GBq (1 Ci) of Co-60 (0.145 Gy or 14.5R at 30.5 cm or 1 foot) is attenuated in air to approximately 5mR/h at a distance of approximately:

 
 
 
 

121.

The standard dose rate of a radioactive isotope is expressed in:

 
 
 
 

122.

At 61 cm (two feet) from a radiation source, radiation intensity is 3 Gy/h (300 R/h).
What is the Intensity at 244 cm (8 feet) from the source?

 
 
 
 

123.

A good Cobalt-60 shot is made on a 7.6 cm (3 inches) steel casting using an exposure time of 10 minutes and a source-to-film distance of 91.5 (36 inches). If it is necessary to change the source-to-film distance to 61 cm (24 inches), what exposure time would produce a similar radiograph if all other conditions remain the same?

 
 
 
 

124.

A radiographic exposure with 3700 GBq (100 Ci) source of Ir-192 using source to film distance of 60 cm results in a radiation intensity of 0.12 Gy/h (11.8 R/h) and a radiographic density of 2.5. The intensity of radiation needed to obtain the same density when the source to film distance is changed to120 cm is:

 
 
 
 

125.

A 7.6 cm (3 inches) thick test specimen is radiographed with a source having size of 1.3 cm (1/2 inch), the film is placed in contact with the test specimen. The source to film distance is 40.6 cm (16 inches).The geometric unsharpness obtained is:

 
 
 
 

126.

Radiographic equivalence factors for Inconel and 304 stainless steel are 1.4 and 1.0 respectively. What is the approximate equivalent thickness of Inconel requiring the same exposure as 1.27 cm (½ inch) thickness of 304 stainless steel?

 
 
 
 

127.

The approximate radiographic equivalence factors for steel and copper at 220 kV are 1.0 and 1.4 respectively. If it is desirable to radiograph a 1.27 cm (0.5 inches) piece of copper, what thickness of steel would require about the same exposure characteristics?

 
 
 
 

128.

If an exposure time of 60 seconds and source to film distance of 365.7 m (1200 feet) is necessary for a particular exposure, what exposure time would be needed for an equivalent exposure if the source-to-film distance is changed to 457.2 m (1500 feet)?

 
 
 
 

129.

Subject contrast and film contrast are the two factors that comprise radiographically:

 
 
 
 

130.

Scatter ___________________ radiographic contrast.

 
 
 

131.

‘Film contrast’ is the inherent ability of a film to show ___________________ for a given change in film exposure.

 
 
 
 

132.

The range of the specimen thickness that can be adequately recorded on a radiograph is known as the ___________________ of the radiograph.

 
 
 
 

133.

Source-to-object distance, object-to-film distance, and source size are the three factors that control the ___________________ of the radiograph.

 
 
 
 

134.

The ‘multi-film’ technique may be used when one radiograph film does not have enough ___________________ to produce a satisfactory radiograph of a specimen.

 
 
 
 

135.

What governs the penetrating power of an X-ray beam?

 
 
 
 

136.

The shorter the wavelength of X or gamma rays:

 
 
 
 

137.

A large source size can be compensated for by:

 
 
 
 

138.

The maximum film density to which the radiograph should be exposed is dependent upon:

 
 
 
 

139.

The selection of the proper source-to-film distance is a primary factor in controlling:

 
 
 
 

140.

When the penumbra on a radiograph measures less than 0.5 mm (0.020 inches), the image will appear to the unaided eye of the film interpreter as:

 
 
 
 

141.

Two X-ray machines operating at the same nominal kilovoltage and milliamperage settings:

 
 
 
 

142.

The fact that gases, when bombarded by radiation, ionize and become electrical conductors make them useful in:

 
 
 
 

143.

An acceptable quality radiograph should include:

 
 
 
 

144.

A weld discontinuity which consists of unmelted joint surfaces at the root, and which may be caused by poor fit-up, is called:

 
 
 
 

145.

Which of the following welding discontinuities would be most difficult to image radiographically:

 
 
 
 

146.

The average energy of an Ir-192 source is approximately:

 
 
 
 

147.

The half-life of Th-170 is approximately:

 
 
 
 

148.

If the required exposure time for a 50 Curie Ir-192 source is 4 minutes, what exposure
time would be required at 25 Curie source:

 
 
 
 

149.

Which of the following is not a function of the lead screen placed around the radiographic film?

 
 
 
 

150.

Which of the following is a function of the lead screen placed around the radiographic film?

 
 
 
 

151.

What is the best advantage achieved in exposure time, using front and back lead screens, as compared to exposure time without screens?

 
 
 
 

152.

Gamma-ray or high voltage X-ray radiography, using film without lead screens, is likely to result in:

 
 
 
 

153.

Fluorescent screens are seldom used in industrial radiography because:

 
 
 
 

154.

An advantage of a double versus a single emulsion film is:

 
 
 
 

155.

A radiograph is made using film X with an exposure of 10 mA-min. Film density in the area of interest is 1.0. If it is desired to achieve a density of 2.0 in the area of interest, what exposure is required? (Log relative exposure = 1.1 for a density of 1.0 and 1.62 for a density of 2.0)

 
 
 
 

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