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1.

Infrared cameras measure:

 a. the temperature of a surface

 b. the radiosity of a surface

 c. the radiosity that is absorbed by the detector in an infrared camera.

 d. the emittance of a surface

2.

A camera has an IFOV of 1.9 mRad. What is its theoretical minimum spot size at a distance of 100 cm?

 a. 1.9 cm

 b. 0.19 cm.

 c. 0.019 cm

 d. 52 cm

3.

The slit response function is used to measure:

 a. field of view (FOV)

 b. IFOV measurement.

 c. NETD

 d. MRTD

4.

What is the most important factor when inspecting electrical equipment using IR?

 a. thermal sensitivity of the IR camera

 b. safety.

 c. image focus

 d. thermal span and level

5.

The plant’s main switchgear is to be inspected. The main switchgear has a new aluminum busbar. The emissivity of the new aluminum busbar is approximate:

 a. s1.0

 b. 0.90

 c. 0.50

 d. 0.10.

6.

What weather conditions are necessary for conducting a thermal infrared roof inspection?

 a. it should have rained within 24 h, inspect during a sunny day

 b. it must not have rained within the last 24 h, inspect during a sunny day

 c. it must have rained within the last 24 h, inspect at night

 d. it must not have rained within the last 24 h, inspect after sundown following a clear sunny day.

7.

How should the level and span be set when inspecting overhead electrical bus plugs?

 a. set the camera to auto-adjust mode allowing the camera to adjust level and span

 b. set the span wide for the full scene and adjust the level to the ambient temperature

 c. set the span wide and allow the camera to automatically adjust the level

 d. set the span very narrow and adjust the level to the temperature of the bus.

8.

A thermal infrared inspection of a building is conducted to determine the presence of insulation. What is the recommended minimum temperature difference between inside and outside?

 a. 3 °C (5°F)

 b. 5°C (9 °F)

 c. 10 °C (18 °F).

 d. 20 °C (36 °F)

9.

An object that is not at thermal equilibrium with its surrounding environment is said to be:

 a. at steady state

 b. thermally isolated

 c. thermally transmissive

 d. thermally transient.

10.

If the amount of insulation in an attic is increased from 10 cm to 20 cm (3.94 in. to 7.87 in.) what effect does it have on the conductive heat transfer?

 a. heat transfer will stay the same

 b. heat transfer will increase by 1/2

 c. heat transfer will be reduced by 1/2.

 d. heat transfer will increase by 2 times

11.

If the temperature difference from inside a house to outside the house decreases from 36 to 9 °C (64.8 to 16.2 °F), what effect does it have on the conductive heat transfer through the walls?

 a. heat transfer will stay the same

 b. heat transfer will increase by four times

 c. heat transfer will be reduced by four times

 d. heat transfer will be reduced by two times.

12.

When a thermal imaging radiometer is out of calibration and reading temperatures incorrectly, what can be done to bring it back into radiometric calibration?

 a. perform an external non-uniformity correction (NUC)

 b. adjust the calibration with a calibrated. blackbody reference source

 c. send the camera back to the manufacturer (or relevant body) for recalibration.

 d. adjust the emissivity until the camera reads the correct temperature

13.

The effects of the sun can prevent the accurate inspection of light-frame buildings. In accordance with ASTM C 1060, how long should a wall of light frame construction be free from direct solar radiation in order to conduct an infrared inspection of the wall?

 a. 1 h

 b. 3 h.

 c. 8 h

 d. 12 h

14.

A kilogram of each of the following materials is heated to 90 °C (194 °F). Which of the following materials has the most stored thermal energy?

 a. air

 b. aluminum

 c. steel

 d. water.

15.

Latent heat energy can be described as:

 a. the energy that creates or breaks the molecular bonds of the phase state of a material.

 b. the energy that when added to a material will cause its temperature to increase

 c. the energy released by a material that will cause its temperature to decrease

 d. the energy released by an object that will break the molecular bonds of a material

16.

Which of the following surfaces will generally provide the most accurate radiometric temperature measurement?

 a. thin film plastic

 b. oxidized aluminum

 c. glass

 d. water-based paint.

17.

The instantaneous field of view (IFOV) measurement of a radiometric system is 1.2 mRad. What is the maximum size object this system can accurately measure at a distance of 25 m?

 a. 3 m

 b. 3 mm

 c. 3 cm.

 d. 20.8 cm

18.

The accuracy of the liquid level gauge on the 946 353 L (250 000 gal) oil tank is being questioned. Verification of the liquid level is critical but the safety manager is not available to issue a confined entry permit to physically verify the level. It is springtime. Last night was cool and it is now noon and a bright sunny day. What might you consider to determine the oil level?

 a. Assume the liquid level indicator is correct unless definitive proof is submitted otherwise

 b. Examine the tank with your infrared camera. When you see no level indication between liquid and air it is safe to open the tank access door

 c. Examine the tank with your infrared camera. The air should be warmer than the liquid and should provide a clear indication of the liquid level.

 d. Examine the tank with your infrared camera. The air will be cooler than the liquid and should provide a clear indication of the liquid level

19.

How hot does an electrical connection need to be for it to be classified as a serious problem?

 a. 1 to 5 °C (33.8 to 41 °F)

 b. 5 to 15 °C (41 to 59 °F)

 c. greater than 15 °C (59 °F)

 d. depends on the criticality of equipment to continue safe operation.

20.

Most imaging infrared radiometers operate in the 3 to 5 or 8 to 12 um band. This is because of:

 a. atmospheric reflection of solar radiation is adequately attenuated in these two bands

 b. the electromagnetic energy emitted by a target outside these two bands is generally too small to provide usable data

 c. atmospheric absorption within these two bands is small enough to provide minimal impact on radiometry.

 d. technological limits of producing detectors with uniform characteristics. except for these two wavebands

21.

Longwave (8-14 μm) infrared thermography is an excellent tool for inspecting all except which of the following:

 a. drive belts for proper alignment

 b. bearings failure for signs of impending

 c. thin film plastics.

 d. the temperature for creating baseline comparison

22.

While doing an IR inspection of a heated stainless steel component with several surface holes you notice that one of the holes appears hotter than the others. What could explain this?

 a. that hotter hole is warmer than the other holes

 b. that hole must be reflecting something hotter than the other holes

 c. the hotter hole must have more thermal capacitance

 d. the hotter hole probably is deeper than the other holes.

23.

After heating one side of a honeycomb composite with a 4-ply graphite-epoxy face sheet, and thermally viewing from the same side, you notice a dark or cool indication that seems to be confined to a group of honeycomb cells. What is the probable cause of this thermal pattern?

 a. there is a disbond between the top sheet and the honeycomb cells

 b. there is a disbond between the bottom face sheet and the honeycomb

 c. there is most likely water or some other liquid in the cells.

 d. the honeycomb is most likely crushed

24.

From the ground, you see a hot spot on a 1 in. (2.54 cm) bolted connector of a transmission line that is approximately 27.4 m (90 ft) away. When you go to measure the temperature, it reads much lower than you think it should be, in fact, it appears to be below ambient. What is a probable reason?

 a. your IFOV is not turned on

 b. you are not in focus

 c. you are too far away to accurately measure.

 d. the emissivity is probably set incorrectly

25.

Thin film plastics, such as polyethylene, are thermally different from most materials because they are:

 a. highly reflective to short-wave thermal radiation

 b. highly absorptive to long-wave thermal radiation

 c. highly transmissive to both mid- and long-wave thermal radiation.

 d. opaque to both mid- and long-wave thermal radiation

26.

Why is infrared thermal imaging often used by building analysts to locate mold growth?

 a. mold is exothermic and appears warmer on the surface

 b. mold is endothermic and absorbs heat from surroundings, thus appearing warm

 c. mold grows on damp surfaces, which appear cooler due to evaporative cooling.

 d. mold is endothermic thus cooling the surface

27.

Which of the following materials has the highest thermal capacitance?

 a. steel

 b. brick

 c. water.

 d. glass

28.

Which of the following factors will have the greatest affect on the accuracy of temperature measurement of a loose connection on a copper alloy bolted plate connection? Assume the copper has an emissivity of 0.28.

 a. estimating the copper has an emissivity of 0.29

 b. not setting relative humidity at 65% rather than the preset 50%

 c. leaving the distance to the object set to 3.05 m (10 ft) instead of 4.6 m (15 ft)

 d. not adjusting the background temp from 76.6 °C (170 °F) to actual temperature of 28.3 °C (83 °F).

29.

Which of the following lists gives the correct order for the thermal capacitance of the materials? Assume list goes from highest to lowest thermal capacitance.

 a. steel, air, water

 b. air, water, wood

 c. water, steel, air.

 d. water, air, steel

30.

To measure the temperature of heater tubes in a natural gas-fired furnace using a mid-wave sensing system you must:

 a. add the correct filter.

 b. set emissivity at 0.05

 c. put a piece of tape on the heater tube

 d. mid-wave systems are not suitable for furnace inspections

31.

You have found a motor bearing that is 32 °F warmer than normal. Convert this temperature difference (AT) to degrees Celsius.

 a. 0°C

 b. 17.7 °C.

 c. 89.6 °C

 d. 100 °C

32.

Which of the following typically has the greatest influence on taking a radiometric temperature measurement on a low-emissivity object?

 a. background temperature.

 b. foreground air temperature

 c. distance to the target

 d. relative humidity

33.

Which of the following camera settings has the greatest impact on taking an accurate temperature measurement of an object that actually has an emissivity of 0.87, a background temperature of 23.9 °C (75 °F), relative humidity of 50%, and a distance to the object is 3.05 m (10 ft)?

 a. relative humidity set at 40% instead of 50%

 b. distance to object set at 5.5 m (18 ft)

 c. emissivity set at 0.72.

 d. background temperature set at 21.1 °C (70°F) instead of 23.9 °C (75 °F)

34.

While conducting a roof moisture inspection at night after a sunny day, why is it important for the roof surface to be dry?

 a. evaporating water will mask the thermal patterns below the roof surface.

 b. a dry roof surface is a better conductor than a wet roof surface

 c. it is better to have a wet roof surface so you can find the leak easier

 d. a dry roof surface will radiate better to the cold sky

35.

Which of the following materials emits quite differently in the mid-wave (3.5-5 microns) band than in the long-wave band (8-14 microns)?

 a. plate glass.

 b. polished aluminum

 c. painted steel

 d. ceramic

36.

Using an infrared system with an IFOV measurement ratio of 180:1. What is the smallest size object you can accurately measure at a distance of 3 m (3.3 ft)?

 a. 16.6 mm (0.65 in.).

 b. 18.7 mm (0.74 in.)

 c. 50.0 mm (1.97 in.)

 d. 166.0 mm (6.54 in.)

37.

You are looking at an electrical connection 20 m in the air. What IFOV measurement is required to accurately measure the temperature on the 2.54 c (1 in.) head of a bolt?

 a. 0.125 mRad

 b. 1.25 mRad.

 c. 2.5 mRad

 d. 25 mRad

38.

The IR system being used stores images to videotape. Back in the office, you find you’d like to adjust the level and span of an image. How is this accomplished?

 a. digitize the thermal image and adjust the level and span in the software

 b. import the video into your manufacturer’s software and adjust the level and span

 c. send the video to your camera manufacturer for conversion to 12-bit data

 d. data captured on videotape will not allow the adjustment of level and span.

39.

The easiest and cheapest way to improve the spatial resolution of a thermal image is to:

 a. buy a new imager with a detector that has more detector elements

 b. move the camera as close to the target as possible without compromising safety.

 c. install a telephoto lens

 d. defocus the lens

40.

The atmospheric attenuation for imaging systems that sense 8-12 microns of thermal radiation is:

 a. greater than the attenuation for 3-5 micron radiation

 b. less than the attenuation for 3-5 micron radiation.

 c. equal to the attenuation for 3-5 micron radiation

 d. greater than the attenuation for 6-8 micron radiation

41.

When looking at a thermal image, the thermographer is viewing:

 a. thermal patterns representing temperatures on the surface of the target

 b. thermal patterns of objects reflected from the surface of the target

 c. radiance (combined reflected, transmitted, and emitted energy) patterns from the surface of the target transmitted and emitted energy).

 d. radiance (combined reflected, patterns of objects reflected from the surface of the object

42.

As a surface cools, the peak of its radiated infrared energy:

 a. shifts to longer wavelengths.

 b. shifts to shorter wavelengths

 c. remains constant if emissivity remains constant

 d. remains constant even if emissivity varies

43.

The spectral band in which glass transmits infrared radiation most efficiently is the region.

 a. 2-4 μm.

 b. 5-7 μm

 c. 6-10 μm

 d. 10-15 μm

44.

When water freezes:

 a. heat energy is absorbed from the surroundings

 b. the volume decreases and conductivity increases

 c. heat energy is released to the surroundings.

 d. the volume increases and conductivity decreases

45.

The energy content of a gram of steam at 100 °C (212 °F) is much higher than that of a gram of water at 100 °C (212 °F) because of the:

 a. a 20 °C (68 °F) temperature difference

 b. the latent heat of vaporization.

 c. the additional shortwave thermal radiation

 d. the latent heat of fusion

46.

The heat capacity of an object is:

 a. inversely proportional to the material’s specific heat

 b. directly proportional to a material’s specific heat and density.

 c. inversely proportional to its density

 d. the ratio of short-wave infrared radiation absorbed by an object to long-wave infrared radiation emitted by the object

47.

What component of earth’s atmosphere will completely or partially absorb infrared electromagnetic energy in the wave band of 6-8 um?

 a. water vapor (H2 O).

 b. nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O2) combined

 c. oxygen ( O2)

 d. nitrogen (N)

48.

Since wind will convectively cool building components reducing thermal differences, it is not advisable to perform building inspections on the windward side when air speeds are in excess of:

 a. 6 km/h (3.7 mph)

 b. 12 km/h (7.5 mph)

 c. 18 km/h (11 mph)

 d. 24 km/h (15 mph).

49.

Which of the following statements regarding infrared emission and absorption is false?

 a. good emitters are good absorbers

 b. poor absorbers are poor emitters

 c. good reflectors are good emitters.

 d. poor reflectors are good absorbers

50.

Radiosity is defined as:

 a. the perfect emittance of a blackbody surface

 b. detective/transmissivity

 c. a graybody whose emissivity is less than 1

 d. the total radiant exitance leaving a surface (reflectance, emittance, and transmittance).

51.

Distribution of energy over the wavelength spectrum for a given temperature is best described by which of the following?

 a. Planck’s Law.

 b. Stefan-Boltzmann Law

 c. Newton’s Law

 d. Fourier’s Law

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