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Temper embrittlement occurs in some materials with:

a) short-term exposures above 650°F

b) long-term exposures above 650°F

c) short-term exposures above 1100°F

d) long-term exposures above 1100°F

Temper embrittlement can occur in:

a) carbon steel

b) low alloy steels

c) carbon or low alloy steels

d) austenitic stainless steel

A repair is defined as:

a) a physical change

b) restoring the vessel to its original conditions

c) restoring the vessel to a safe suitable condition

d) changing either the design pressure or design temperature

The MAWP of a vessel is the maximum pressure permitted:

a) anywhere on a vessel

b) at top of the vessel

c) at the mid-point of the vessel

d) at the bottom of the vessel

An examination point is a circular area with a diameter not greater than:

a) 0.5 inch

b) 1.0 inch

c) 2.0 inches

d) 3.0 inches

An alteration is defined as:

a) a physical change

b) restoring the vessel to its original conditions

c) restoring the vessel to a safe suitable condition

d) changing either the design pressure or design temperature

Most pressure vessels codes do not apply to vessels with internal or external pressure that is less than:

a) 5 psig

b) 15 psig

c) 25 psig

d) 50 psig

Many vessels with external pressure are:

a) jacketed

b) accumulators

c) reactors

d) regenerators

Vessel shell rings are normally made by:

a) rolling plate at ambient temperatures

b) rolling plate at elevated temperatures

c) rolling plate at either elevated or ambient temperatures

d) forging

10.

When fabricating a vessel shell, which fabrication method does not result in a longitudinal shell weld?

a) Extruding

b) Hot forging

c) Multi-layer

d) Rolling

11.

Shells constructed with multi-layers (a number of thin cylindrical sections) are normally used for vessels having:

a) high design pressures

b) high design temperatures

c) exotic materials

d) a small diameter

12.

Which is the most common material used to make pressure vessels?

a) Carbon steel

b) Chrome

c) Ferritic stainless steel

d) Nickle alloys

13.

Which of the following materials is seldom used to make a pressure vessel but is common in heat exchanger tubes?

a) Aluminum alloys

b) Copper alloys

c) Magnesium alloys

d) Zinc alloys

14.

Cooling water tubes are often made of steel or:

a) aluminum alloys

b) austenitic stainless steel

c) copper alloys

d) zinc alloys

15.

Titanium tubes are often found in which of the following processes?

a) Crude oil above 650°F

b) Erosive services

c) Processes subject to HTHA

d) Seawater

16.

What is the primary purpose for installing a metallic liner on the inside of a vessel?

a) Decrease friction and improve fluid flow

b) Improve heat transfer

c) Minimize the effort to clean the vessel at the next outage

d) Resist corrosion

17.

Which of the following is not a reason to inspect a pressure vessel?

a) Determine the rate of damage

b) Determine the type of damage

c) Minimize the potential for equipment failure

d) Provide individuals with great jobs with unbelievable wages

18.

Per OSHA 1910, refineries should follow:

a) EIEIO

b) PSIPE

c) RAGAGEP

d) WWJD

19.

Per OSHA 1910, RAGAGEP means:

a) Recognized and Generally Accepted Good Engineering Practice

b) Regionally Accepted Guidelines and Good Engineering Principles

c) Recognized ASME Guidelines and/or Geographic Exceptional Practices

d) Risk Acceptable Guidelines and/or General Equipment Publications

20.

Which of the following is not a part of an inspection plan?

a) How to inspect

b) When to inspect

c) Where to inspect

d) Who should inspect

21.

The inspector selects the appropriate NDE method(s) for an inspection. What is the most important factor to consider when determining which NDE method(s) to use?

a) Anticipated damage mechanism(s)

b) Cost of the NDE method

c) Original construction code’s NDE requirements

d) Portability of NDE method

22.

Integrity Operating Windows (IOWs) should be established for all vessels in accordance with:

a) API 583

b) API 584

c) API 651

d) API 652

23.

Pressure vessel inspection intervals should be reviewed after:

a) construction code changes

b) personnel changes

c) process changes

d) NDE technology changes

24.

What should happen when the operating conditions of a vessel go outside the limits of the IOWs?

a) Follow appropriate pre-defined actions

b) Only note the exceedance in the equipment records

c) Just note the exceedance in the equipment records if the next outage is within 2 yrs

d) Shut the vessel down and open it for Internal Inspection

25.

The two primary factors of risk are:

a) consequence of failure & probability of failure

b) consequence of failure & location of failure

c) location of failure and volume of the process released

d) volume of the process released & probability of failure

26.

Who chooses to use RBI methodologies?

a) Authorized Inspector

b) Engineer experienced in pressure vessel technologies

c) Jurisdiction

d) Owner/User

27.

Which document provides guidance on performing RBI assessments?

a) API 576

b) API 578

c) API 579

d) API 580

28.

Which of the following often sets the run length of an operating unit?

a) API 579

b) ASME B&PV Section XII

c) Electric motors

d) Fouling of equipment

29.

Baseline thickness readings should be obtained:

a) by an ASNT Level 2 or 3 UT technician

b) by an API QUTE technician

c) prior to the vessel being placed in service

d) within the first 5 years of the vessel’s operation

30.

Which NDE method(s) may cause problems in a confined space by displacing breathing air?

a) AUT

b) MT

c) PT

d) MT or PT

31.

Which document should be followed when using breathing air in a confined space?

a) API 578

b) API 2201

c) API 2217A

d) ASME PCC-1

32.

When using breathing air in a confined space which of the following is correct?

a) Breathing air should be provided from 2 independent sources

b) Breathing air couplings should meet OSHA 2017 regulations

c) Maximum duration to use breathing air is 30 minutes per hour

d) Breathing air must have at least 30% Oxygen

33.

Vessels are often cleaned with a high-pressure water blast. What is the typical pressure used for this water blast?

a) 1000 – 2000 psig

b) 2000 – 8000 psig

c) 8000 – 20,000 psig

d) 20,000 – 40,000 psig

34.

Prior to inspecting a vessel, the inspector should become familiar with the vessels:

a) operating conditions

b) relief valve

c) RT Factor

d) year of construction

35.

Prior to inspecting a vessel, which of the following does not need to be reviewed by the inspector?

a) Abnormal operating conditions during the last run

b) Construction and welding details of the vessel

c) Names of the last 3 inspectors who inspected this vessel

d) Operating conditions

36.

An external inspection is being conducted on an insulated vessel. How much insulation should be removed to check the vessel’s external surface condition?

a) A minimum of 10% of the insulation should be removed

b) A small area of insulation should be removed on each shell course & each head

c) One small area of insulation should be removed in the most suspect area

d) Insulation removal is not required unless there is a reason to suspect that corrosion is occurring under the insulation

37.

Additional information concerning inspecting for CUI can be found in:

a) API 578

b) API 583

c) API 2201

d) ASME B16.47

38.

Which of the following applies when coke deposits are found in a vessel?

a) It is still important to determine the vessel’s thickness under the deposit

b) Coke deposits are always an effective barrier to internal corrosion

c) Coke deposits always increase the vessel’s corrosion rate

d) Coke deposits must always be removed

39.

Prior to the internal inspection, vessel internals:

a) must all be removed

b) never need to be removed

c) do not need to be removed if the vessel wall is Cladded with alloy

d) do not need to be removed if the deterioration is not expected behind the component

40.

The primary means of obtaining vessel thickness measurements is by:

a) RT

b) UT

c) RT or UT

d) RT, UT or Eddy Current

41.

Concerning an examination point for thickness, which of the following is correct?

a) Only one reading should be taken

b) Multiple readings must be taken

c) Always record the lowest reading

d) The average reading can be recorded

42.

Magnetic flux scanning techniques can be used to detect wall loss on vessels:

a) made from any material

b) with any wall thicknesses

c) made from austenitic stainless steel

d) with a wall thickness of up to 0.5” thick

43.

A vessel is subject to uniform corrosion. What is the minimum number of thickness measurements required?

a) One

b) Two

c) One on each major design section

d) Two on each major design section

44.

The vessel’s external inspection should start by first inspecting the:

a) anchor bolts

b) electrical ground components

c) insulation

d) ladders, stairs, and platforms

45.

Which of the following is true concerning the inspection of ladders and platforms?

a) This inspection relies heavily on UT & RT

b) The inspector should be recognized by the Structural Steel Product Council (SSPC)

c) The inspector does not have to be an API Authorized Inspector

d) The inspector should be an API Authorized Inspector

46.

Ladders and platforms should be inspected:

a) only with a visual examination

b) by visual examination and UT

c) by visual examination and RT

d) by visual examination and hammer testing

47.

The tightness of bolts can be checked by:

a) hammer-tapping

b) UT

c) visual examination

d) looking for nuts on the ground using API’s certified Squirrelly Inspectors

48.

Worn stair treads:

a) can be slippery

b) can be a tripping hazard

c) are usually repaired with alloy materials

d) are usually repaired with non-metallic materials

49.

Small depressions on platforms are of concern since these can:

a) collect and hold water, potentially causing accelerated corrosion

b) create a tripping hazard

c) create flexing that could cause a fatigue failure

d) be rather ugly and prevent your facility from achieving API’s Petrochemical Facility of the Year award

50.

Where is the common place for corrosion on ladders?

a) Ladder cage

b) Where rungs fit into the side rails

c) Rungs

d) Side rails

51.

What type of corrosion often occurs at bolts & nuts?

a) Crevice corrosion

b) Galling

c) Liquid metal embrittlement

d) Sulfidation

52.

Crevice corrosion is not common at which of the following?

a) Between exchange shell & cradle support

b) Repad-to-shell welds

c) Where stair treads slip into support members

d) Under anchor bolt nuts

53.

Which of the following does not cause cracking in concrete foundations?

a) Concrete corrosion

b) Corrosion of rebar

c) Excessive heat

d) Freezing of entrapped moisture

54.

Austenitic stainless steels are particularly susceptible to:

a) chloride corrosion and polythionic stress corrosion cracking

b) chloride corrosion and sulfidation corrosion

c) chloride corrosion and vanadium cracking

d) polythionic stress corrosion cracking and sulfidation corrosion

55.

Vessels are often cleaned with a high-pressure water blast. What is the typical pressure used for this water blast?

a) 1000 – 2000 psig

b) 2000 – 8000 psig

c) 8000 – 12,000 psig

d) 12,000 – 25,000 psig

56.

Normal vessel cleaning methods, like steam cleaning, usually are adequate to meet the inspector’s needs for an internal inspection. Extra cleaning such as abrasive-grit or water blasting may be required when inspecting for:

a) localized thin areas

b) deep pitting

c) stress corrosion cracking

d) thermal fatigue cracking

57.

An internal inspection will be performed on a vessel. What is the initial step to be performed?

a) Collect all necessary inspection tools

b) Check the vessel permitting requirements

c) Collect the necessary personnel protective equipment

d) Read the previous inspection reports

58.

Sulfidation is a common concern at the:

a) top of the crude unit’s fractionating column

b) bottom of the crude unit’s fractionating column

c) top of a hydrotreater reactor

d) bottom of a hydrotreater reactor

59.

High-temperature sulfur corrosion (sulfidation) tends to appear as:

a) cracking

b) pitting

c) localized wall loss

d) uniform wall loss

60.

The upper shell and top head of a distillation tower are sometimes subject to:

a) chloride attack

b) galling

c) liquid metal embrittlement

d) temper-embrittlement

61.

Equipment in a wet hydrogen sulfide or cyanide environment may experience:

a) cracking in the base metal

b) cracking in the welds and heat-affected zones

c) extensive pitting

d) localized thinned area

62.

Sludge settles on a vessel’s bottom head, what corrosion mechanism is likely to occur?

a) Concentration cell corrosion

b) Dealloying

c) Sludgitization

d) Stress corrosion cracking

63.

If steam is injected into a vessel, a likely place for corrosion is on the:

a) inlet nozzle

b) vessel wall directly below the nozzle

c) vessel wall opposite the nozzle

d) vessel’s anchor bolts. (once again proving it is difficult to come up with 3 wrong answers!)

64.

What method is often used to detect metallurgical changes to the base metal?

a) Bend tests

b) Flash radiography

c) Metallography

d) Impact tests

65.

What method is often used to detect carburization and decarburization?

a) Bend tests

b) Hardness testing

c) Impact tests

d) Metallography

66.

In which of the following situations is hammer testing typically used today?

a) Check the tightness of the bolts

b) Locate thin wall sections

c) Find cracks in metallic linings

d) Find cracks in vessel heads and shell

67.

It is recommended to not hammer test:

a) vessels that are pressurized

b) stainless steel vessels

c) refractory lined vessels

d) vessels with SS cladding

68.

Which of the following is not a purpose for a pressure test?

a) Validate vessel MDMT

b) Assure equipment tightness

c) Assure equipment integrity

d) Redistribute stresses at discontinuities

69.

A pressure test would probably not be required after which of the following repairs?

a) Install a 3’ x 4’ insert plate in the shell

b) Weld overlay a 5’ x 4’ corroded area in the shell

c) Replace the vessel’s top head

d) Add a 16 NPS nozzle in the top head

70.

Acoustic emission testing is especially useful on:

a) heat exchangers

b) large vessels

c) vessels where internal inspections are difficult to perform

d) vessels with simplistic design

71.

A pneumatic pressure test is performed on a large vessel. What is one way to determine the location of remote leaks?

a) Block in the vessel and see if the pressure drops

b) UT leak detector

c) Binoculars

d) Thermography

72.

A vessel is being vacuum tested. What is one negative aspect of a vacuum test?

a) Location of the leak is not easily identified

b) There are additional safety precautions as compared to a hydro test

c) Creating the vacuum requires expensive equipment

d) The vacuum must be held for 24 hours

73.

What is a major safety concern when performing a pneumatic test?

a) Compressed air when released creates a fireball

b) Compressed gases when released expand at a very high velocity

c) Compressed air reacts extremely fast with steel to create rapid thinning

d) Compressed gases when released from a toxic cloud

74.

A vessel is structurally sound, but due to corrosion, it is no longer thick enough for the designed conditions. The vessel:

a) can be derated

b) must be repaired

c) must be retired

d) must be repaired or retired

75.

Which document provides guidelines on evaluating different forms of degradation?

a) API 579

b) API 583

c) API 2201

d) ASME FFS-26

76.

A vessel’s U-1 form indicates that the new shell thickness is 0.500” and the specified corrosion allowance is 0.125”. Which of the following is true?

a) The minimum required thickness of this shell is 0.375”

b) The minimum required thickness of this shell may be less than 0.375”

c) The minimum required thickness of this shell may be greater than 0.375”

d) The minimum required thickness must be calculated by a professional engineer

77.

If a jurisdiction requires a vessel repair to meet the National Board Inspection Code, what stamp must the Repair Organization possess?

a) A

b) U

c) UV

d) R

78.

A vessel’s shell thickness is 2.000”. The corrosion allowance is 0.250”. During an inspection, the wonderful, talented, API inspector (who attended an MSTS class) discovers in a longitudinal weld, a 24” long crack that is 0.150” deep. Which of the following is true?

a) The crack must be removed

b) The crack does not have to be removed since it does not go through the corrosion allowance

c) If the crack is removed, the area ground must be rewelded

d) If the crack is removed, the area ground out does not have to weld

79.

A vessel repair is completed. A pressure test:

a) must always be performed

b) must be performed if the inspector believes one is necessary

c) is normally not performed

d) that is conducted is done at a pressure of 1.5 MAWP

80.

After a vessel alteration, a pressure test is:

a) normally required

b) rarely required

c) normally not required

d) conducted at a pressure of 1.3 MAWP

81.

When removing a crack in a vessel using flame or arc gouging:

a) care must be taken to prevent the crack from growing

b) the craftsman must be qualified in accordance with ASME B&PV Section IX

c) the base metal should only be a P1 or P-3 material

d) the crack length cannot be greater than allowed in API 579

82.

A deep crack in a vessel shell weld will be removed and then re-welded. Which of the following is true?

a) A pressure test must be done after repairs are completed

b) The area should be beveled to about a 37.5-degree angle

c) Welders can be qualified for AWS D1.1

d) Either MT or PT should be performed prior to welding

83.

A crack in a vessel is removed. The groove:

a) must always be welded with weld metal of the same metallurgy as the base

b) should be welded with weld metal of a higher alloy than the base metal

c) should be welded with weld metal of the same tensile strength as the base

d) can be left unfilled provided adequate wall thickness remains and edges are blended

84.

Annex B
Towers are used to either: fractionate, strip out gas or liquid, or enrich a gas or liquid. These terms are collectively called:

a) catalyzation

b) chemical reactions

c) mass transfer

d) reformation

85.

Liquid levels on trays are maintained by:

a) downcomers

b) reflux limiters

c) tray caps

d) weirs

86.

The vapor seal on trays is maintained by:

a) downcomers

b) reflux limiters

c) tray caps

d) weirs

87.

In a fractionating column, what rises through a bubble cap?

a) Catalyst

b) High-Density Liquids

c) Low-Density Liquids

d) Vapors

88.

In a fractionating column, the liquid at the top of the column comes from:

a) reclamation

b) reflux

c) reformation

d) stratification

89.

Liquid-to-liquid extraction is done to recover a solvent or raffinate in a process called:

a) Distillation Stripping

b) Fractionation

c) Liquid Washing

d) Polymerization

90.

Which of the following parts is “missing” in a single-flow sieve tray?

a) Downcomers

b) Tray Ring

c) Valve Caps

d) Wiers

91.

Which of the following parts is “missing” in a dual-flow sieve tray?

a) Downcomers

b) Tray Perforations

c) Tray Ring

92.

Dual-flow sieve trays are often used in which type of process?

a) Amine Service

b) Potential for Heavy Fouling

c) Only Light Hydrocarbons

d) Very Clean Services

93.

Which of the following is not an advantage of a valve tray vs. a sieve tray?

a) Less expensive

b) Operate over a wider range of operating flow rates

c) Pressure profile across columns is easier to maintain

d) Valve Caps are able to close

94.

Which of the following is not an advantage of a Bubble Cap tray?

a) Good fouling resistance

b) Good at low liquid flow rates and high variations in vapor flow rates

c) Least costly tray type

d) No moving parts

95.

Which of the following is the primary advantage of Floating Valves?

a) Easier to inspect than Bubble Caps

b) Easier to crawl over than Bubble Caps!!!

c) High efficiency over a small Operating Range

d) High efficiency over a large Operating Range

96.

In what way can Floating Valve trays be designed to offer a greater Operating Range?

a) Use trays with different hole sizes

b) Use trays with different hole shapes

c) Use trays with caps of different weights

d) Use trays with caps of different heights

97.

Which of the following is the primary advantage of using Tray Packing?

a) Can handle large liquid volumes with low-pressure drops

b) Can handle large vapor volumes with low-pressure drop

c) Less expensive

d) Much easier to inspect

98.

Random packing comes in sizes from:

a) 0.5” to 1.0” in diameter

b) 0.5” to 3.0” in diameter

c) 1.0” to 6.0” in diameter

d) 2.0” to 6.0” in diameter

99.

Random packing:

a) usually creates a high-pressure drop

b) has a low to medium efficiency

c) is not as useful for large-diameter columns with low liquid flow rates

d) comes in one shape, a 2.0” ceramic pall ring.

100.

Structured packing is made from:

a) corrugated metal

b) bags of random packing

c) blocks of plastic chevrons

d) cylindrical carbon rings

101.

When working on very large columns?

a) for safety concerns, two inspectors should work together

b) for working efficiency, two inspectors should work together

c) 1.0” to 6.0”

d) 2.0” to 6.0”

102.

Often the inspector inside a column does not have visual contact with the entry attendant. At most facilities how is this addressed?

a) Horn signals

b) Inspector should “pop-out” every 15 minutes

c) Radios.

d) Tap the Morse Code “SOS” on the wall with your hammer if in trouble. “dot-dot-dot, dash-dash-dash, dot-dot-dot”

103.

Which of the following is not a significant safety concern while inside a column?

a) Upset trays make climbing dangerous

b) Release of gases that is underneath debris

c) Sharp edges on tray hardware

d) Determining whether to get a Rib-eye or a Prime Rib tonight

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