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Which devices are used to detect flux leakage?

a. Coils, hall probes, and transistors

b. Piezoelectric crystals, hall probes, and magnetic diodes

c. Piezoelectric crystals, transistors, and magnetic diodes

d. Coils, hall probes, and magnetic diodes

The field strength over a crack is directly proportional to the relative permeability of the steel and the ratio:

a. crack depth/crack width

b. crack width/crack depth

c. crack length/crack depth

d. crack length/crack width

Which of the following flux-sensitive devices is not time-dependent?

a. long straight wire passing through a magnetic field

b. search coil

c. search coil derivative

d. hall element

In Figure FL-10, the flux leakage at slot A will be_____ then that at slot B.

a. greater

b. Smaller

c. broader

d. less readily detected

In Figure 22, the signal produced in a search coil with its plane parallel to the part surface by slot A will be_______that at slot B.

a. greater in amplitude than

b. the same amplitude as

c. a lower amplitude than

d. wider than

In a properly operating flux leakage test system, pipe discontinuities occurring from the surface will generate signals with:

a. increased phase differences

b. higher frequency characteristics

c. lower frequency characteristics

d. increased signal-to-noise ratios

In the flux leakage testing of wire rope, a system using an annular coil with an integrator is frequently used (see Figure 23). What is the main reason for using such a system?

a. to compensate for the influence of testing speed variations

b. to find the radial location of wire breaks

c. to detect small cracks inside the rope

d. to detect cross-sectional area changes

Lift-off reduces the amplitude of the flux leakage sign The other significant effect it has on the signal is a:

a. change in phase

b. change in frequency

c. change in signal-to-noise ratio

d. all of the above

As shown in Figure 24, a discontinuity having an inclined angle to the surface has a flux leakage that is:

a. lower than a similar normal discontinuity

b. equal to a similar normal discontinuity

c. higher than a similar normal discontinuity

d. all of the above

10.

Eddy current shielding, the name given to the unidirectional eddy current flow in products inspected by flux leakage testing, is caused by:

a. The interaction between the test magnetic field and a residual field in the product

b. Fluctuations in the DC magnetizing current

c. Rapidly occurring flux changes in the product created by the rotation of the magnetic field

d. Rapidly occurring impedance changes in the pick-up coils

11.

Too high a rotational test speed or too high an active pole rotating head speed can cause the loss of an indication from an ID discontinuity: What can this be attributed to?

a. excessive generated surface noise

b. limitations of the flux sensor elements

c. eddy current shielding

d. reverse magnetization effect

12.

A flux leakage test pipe inspection system with two inspection heads, each having 152 mm (6 in.) long scan paths and rotating at 180 rpm on a 178 mm (7 in.) diameter tube, can have a maximum throughput speed of per minute for 100% inspection coverage.
Linear speed (per minute) = RPM x detector length x number of detectors /percent coverage
= 180 x 152 x 2/1=54720 mm =55 m

a. 201 m (660ft)

b. 55 m (180ft)

c. 49 m (162ft)

d. 27 m (90ft)

13.

A flux leakage pipe inspection system with two inspection heads, each having 152 mm (6 in.) long inspection areas and rotating at 180 rpm on a 178 mm (7 in.) diameter pipe, would require a throughput speed of per minute to provide a 110% inspection coverage.
Linear speed (per minute) = RPM x detector length x number of detectors /percent coverage
= 180 x 152 x 2/1.1 49745 mm =49 m

a. 60 m (198ft)

b. 49 m (162ft)

c. 45 m (146ft)

d. 25 m (81ft)

14.

What has the most influence on the magnetic properties of steel?

a. chemistry, microstructure, and grain size

b. cross-sectional area, microstructure, and heat treatment

c. cross-sectional area, grain size, and chemistry

d. heat treatment and length

15.

The current carrying conductor is surrounded by a tube (see Figure 25). There will be a magnetic flux line, while the current is on, in which of the following materials?

a. steel

b. copper

c. aluminum

d. all of the above

16.

What is the SI unit for magnetic flux density?

a. Weber

b. gauss

c. tesla

d. none of the above

17.

What is the SI unit for magnetic field strength?

a. weber

b. tesla

c. ampere

d. ampere per meter

18.

When inspecting wire rope, the annular coil?

a. the magnetic flux in the rope locally

b. the normal component of flux leakage

c. the tangential component of flux leakage

d. the voltage induced in the rope locally

19.

A tube is magnetized by passing a uniform current through the tube. There are inside and outside discontinuities in the tube (see Figure 26). The two discontinuities have the same dimension and geometry. The signal:

a. will be stronger from the outside discontinuity

b. will be stronger from the inside discontinuity

c. will be the same for both discontinuities

d. will be stronger from either discontinuity based on the geometry of the dis and permeability of the tube

20.

A ferromagnetic part can be demagnetized by:

a. raising its temperature above the curie point

b. withdrawing the part from an AC coil

c. alternately reversing and reducing the applied field

d. all of the above

21.

In the flux leakage inspection of aboveground storage tanks, the factor(s) that must be considered when interpreting an indication is/are:

a. signal amplitude only

b. signal width only

c. visual and ultrasonic evaluation

d. signal amplitude and width

22.

Permeability of a material can be numerically written as:

a. R/B

b. B/H

c. Hc/Hb

d. ampere-turns/number of turns

23.

Magnetic field intensities for electronic flux leakage testing generally__________magnetic particle testing.

a. are higher than for

b. are the same as for

c. are lower than for

d. have no relationship to

24.

Which of the following is not a factor in determining flux leakage?

a. discontinuity location with respect to the measurement surface

b. relative permeability of the materials

c. levels of magnetic field intensity

d. the density of the material

25.

The sensitivity of a pickup coil is improved by:

a. lengthening the coil

b. widening the coil

c. using a ferrite core

d. using a diamagnetic core

26.

The only component of the flux leakage detected by a search coil is:

a. parallel to the axis of the coil (or perpendicular to the plane of the coil)

b. perpendicular to the axis of the coil (or parallel to the plane of the coil)

c. the 45° vector field

d. the internal field normal to the axis of the coil

27.

The reduction in the cross-sectional area caused by a discontinuity causes:

a. an increase in the internal flux density of the part

b. a decrease in the internal flux density of the part

c. no change in the internal flux density of the part

d. a reversal of direction in the magnetic field at the reduction in cross-sectional area

28.

When using search coils, to reduce or eliminate the signal from a long nonrelevant indication such as the weld trim of electric welded pipe:

a. length of the coil

b. wide the coil

c. uses a ferrite core

d. link two coils wound in opposite directions in a series

29.

What is the SI unit for magnetic permeability?

a. Ampere per meter

b. Henry per meter

c. Henry

d. Gauss per meter

30.

In flux leakage testing of wire rope, two separate outer broken wires will produce two separate indications if there is sufficient distance between the breaks. What is the maximum rope speed in feet per minute that would produce two separate indications when the cutoff frequency of the recorder is 60kHz and the breaks are 25 mm (1 in.) apart? (See Figure FL-9.

a. 60 fpm

b. 120 fpm

c. 240 fpm

d. 300 fpm

31.

A discontinuity in a steel wire rope may be detected with a dc magnetic instrument if:

a. the rope is magnetized to saturation, the discontinuity is polarized, the speed of the rope is great enough to induce a detectable voltage across the discontinuity

b. the area surrounding the discontinuity is magnetized to saturation, the discontinuity is polarized, and the speed of the rope is great enough to induce a detectable voltage across the discontinuity

c. the rope is magnetized to saturation, the speed of the rope is great enough to induce a detectable voltage across the discontinuity

d. the rope is magnetized to saturation, the discontinuity is polarized

32.

In flux leakage testing the maximum permissible speed of probe or tube movement with respect to the other is:

a. 914 m/min (3 000 ft/min)

b. 91 m/min (300 ft/min)

c. 9 m/min (30 ft/min)

d. 0.9 m/min (3 ft/min)

33.

What is the primary focus of the article “More Accurate Localized Wire Rope Testing Based on Hall Sensor Array”?

A. Testing for wire rope strength

B. Identifying the circumferential distribution of wire rope discontinuities

C. Quantitative measurement of metallic area loss

D. Developing traditional wire rope instruments

34.

Which testing method has been in use for almost 60 years, according to the article?

A. Ultrasonic testing

B. Electromagnetic testing

C. Visual inspection

D. X-ray testing

35.

What is the significance of the circumferential distribution of wire breaks, as mentioned in the article?

A. It affects the rope’s color

B. It has no impact on the load-carrying capacity

C. It affects the rope’s residual load-carrying capacity

D. It is crucial for the manufacturing process

36.

How does the wire rope testing prototype based on a Hall sensor array acquire magnetic leakage information?

A. Through ultrasonic waves

B. Through three-dimensional image processing

C. Using a map of the magnetic field over the rope surface

D. By analyzing the color changes in the rope

37.

What is the role of Hall sensors in wire rope testing with the Hall effect?

A. They measure the rope’s diameter

B. They capture the radial magnetic flux leakage

C. They control the color of the rope

D. They eliminate the magnetic field

38.

How many Hall sensors are there in the sensor head designed for ropes of 30 to 40 mm diameter?

A. 15

B. 20

C. 30

D. 40

39.

What material are the permanent magnets made of in the sensor head with the Hall sensor array?

A. Copper

B. Aluminum

C. Sintered Nd-Fe-B

D. Iron

40.

Which component is designed to eliminate the strand-waveform component from the original signal in wire rope testing?

A. Axile bush

B. Analog multiplexer

C. Spatial notch filter

D. Photoelectric encoder

41.

What is the purpose of the photoelectric encoder in wire rope testing?

A. To generate a uniformly spaced pulse

B. To measure the rope’s weight

C. To control the color of the rope

D. To detect breaks in the wire

42.

How is the discontinuity identification process typically performed in the wire rope testing system?

A. In the analog multiplexer

B. In the photoelectric encoder

C. Directly in the digital signal processor or in the computer

D. Using a spatial domain sampler

43.

What does the notch filter aim to eliminate in wire rope signals?

A. Magnetic field

B. Desired discontinuity signal

C. Strand-waveform component

D. Photoelectric encoder pulse

44.

Which of the following statements about the axial strand-waveform component is true?

A. It is a random signal

B. It is eliminated by the photoelectric encoder

C. It is a sine wave with a stable frequency

D. It does not affect the wire rope signal

45.

What does the parameter α in the notch filter equation determine?

A. Rope diameter

B. Magnetic field strength

C. Bandwidth of the notch filter

D. Number of samples in one strand-waveform period

46.

How is the discontinuity signal transformed for identification in the wire rope testing system?

A. To a spatial frequency

B. To a uniformly spaced pulse

C. To a grayscale map

D. To a photoelectric encoder pulse

47.

What is the main advantage of using Hall sensors in wire rope testing, according to the article?

A. They are cost-effective

B. They provide circumferential information about discontinuities

C. They eliminate the need for image processing

D. They are resistant to magnetic fields

48.

What percentage of discrimination can be achieved for typical localized discontinuities, according to experimental results?

A. 75%

B. 82%

C. 91%

D. 98%

49.

Which industry is NOT mentioned as a challenging sector for wire rope testing in the introduction?

A. Mining

B. Metallurgy

C. Agriculture

D. Tourism

50.

What has been the only truly effective method for wire rope testing, according to the article?

A. Visual inspection

B. Ultrasonic testing

C. Electromagnetic testing

D. X-ray testing

51.

What does the Hall sensor array capture in the electromagnetic testing of wire ropes?

A. Color changes in the rope

B. Strand-waveform component

C. Three-dimensional magnetic leakage

D. Rope diameter

52.

What information do traditional instruments typically provide about wire rope discontinuities?

A. Circumferential distribution

B. Three-dimensional magnetic leakage

C. Spatial frequency of strand waveforms

D. Sum of circumferential magnetic leakage

Question 1 of 52

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Magnetic Flux Leakage- NDT Only
The MFL Compendium: Articles on Magnetic Flux Leakage
NDT Handbook: Volume 5, Electromagnetic Testing (3rd edition)
NDT Handbook: Third Edition, Volume 8, Magnetic Testing
Supplement to Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A Questions and Answers Book- Eddy Current/Flux Leakage Testing Method

ASNT NDT MFL Exam Pattern:

Exam: Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL)
Number of Questions: 90
Time: 2 hrs
Certification: NDT Only

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Which devices are used to detect flux leakage?

The field strength over a crack is directly proportional to the relative permeability of the steel and the ratio:

Which of the following flux-sensitive devices is not time-dependent?

In Figure FL-10, the flux leakage at slot A will be_____ then that at slot B.

In Figure 22, the signal produced in a search coil with its plane parallel to the part surface by slot A will be_______that at slot B.

In a properly operating flux leakage test system, pipe discontinuities occurring from the surface will generate signals with:

In the flux leakage testing of wire rope, a system using an annular coil with an integrator is frequently used (see Figure 23). What is the main reason for using such a system?

Lift-off reduces the amplitude of the flux leakage sign The other significant effect it has on the signal is a:

As shown in Figure 24, a discontinuity having an inclined angle to the surface has a flux leakage that is:

Eddy current shielding, the name given to the unidirectional eddy current flow in products inspected by flux leakage testing, is caused by:

Too high a rotational test speed or too high an active pole rotating head speed can cause the loss of an indication from an ID discontinuity: What can this be attributed to?

What has the most influence on the magnetic properties of steel?

The current carrying conductor is surrounded by a tube (see Figure 25). There will be a magnetic flux line, while the current is on, in which of the following materials?

What is the SI unit for magnetic flux density?

What is the SI unit for magnetic field strength?

When inspecting wire rope, the annular coil?

A tube is magnetized by passing a uniform current through the tube. There are inside and outside discontinuities in the tube (see Figure 26). The two discontinuities have the same dimension and geometry. The signal:

A ferromagnetic part can be demagnetized by:

In the flux leakage inspection of aboveground storage tanks, the factor(s) that must be considered when interpreting an indication is/are:

Permeability of a material can be numerically written as:

Magnetic field intensities for electronic flux leakage testing generally__________magnetic particle testing.

Which of the following is not a factor in determining flux leakage?

The sensitivity of a pickup coil is improved by:

The only component of the flux leakage detected by a search coil is:

The reduction in the cross-sectional area caused by a discontinuity causes:

When using search coils, to reduce or eliminate the signal from a long nonrelevant indication such as the weld trim of electric welded pipe:

What is the SI unit for magnetic permeability?

A discontinuity in a steel wire rope may be detected with a dc magnetic instrument if:

In flux leakage testing the maximum permissible speed of probe or tube movement with respect to the other is:

What is the primary focus of the article “More Accurate Localized Wire Rope Testing Based on Hall Sensor Array”?

Which testing method has been in use for almost 60 years, according to the article?

What is the significance of the circumferential distribution of wire breaks, as mentioned in the article?

How does the wire rope testing prototype based on a Hall sensor array acquire magnetic leakage information?

What is the role of Hall sensors in wire rope testing with the Hall effect?

How many Hall sensors are there in the sensor head designed for ropes of 30 to 40 mm diameter?

What material are the permanent magnets made of in the sensor head with the Hall sensor array?

Which component is designed to eliminate the strand-waveform component from the original signal in wire rope testing?

What is the purpose of the photoelectric encoder in wire rope testing?

How is the discontinuity identification process typically performed in the wire rope testing system?

What does the notch filter aim to eliminate in wire rope signals?

Which of the following statements about the axial strand-waveform component is true?

What does the parameter α in the notch filter equation determine?

How is the discontinuity signal transformed for identification in the wire rope testing system?

What is the main advantage of using Hall sensors in wire rope testing, according to the article?

What percentage of discrimination can be achieved for typical localized discontinuities, according to experimental results?

Which industry is NOT mentioned as a challenging sector for wire rope testing in the introduction?

What has been the only truly effective method for wire rope testing, according to the article?

What does the Hall sensor array capture in the electromagnetic testing of wire ropes?

What information do traditional instruments typically provide about wire rope discontinuities?

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